December 2011, Daily News

Archaeological Remains of a Nomadic Culture is an Eye-Opening Surprise

Fri, Feb 03, 2012

When one thinks of historic Kazakhstan, a vision of rough-riding, nomadic, gypsy-like people on horseback, traversing a vast, flat, steppe-like landscape, comes to mind. The ancient cultural and artistic achievements of this people might surprise you, however. Their civilization was in fact far from being a cultural desert, as a new exhibit opening in New York City will testify. 

The Institute for the Study of the Ancient World at New York University (ISAW) will present the first U.S. exhibition with a comprehensive overview of the unique nomadic culture of ancient Kazakhstan. On view from March 7 through June 3, 2012, Nomads and Networks: The Ancient Art and Culture of Kazakhstan focuses on the peoples of the Altai and Tianshan regions (located in the eastern part of the country) from the eighth to first centuries B.C.E. With nearly 250 objects on loan from Kazakhstan's four national museums, the exhibition provides a compelling portrait of nomadic culture, challenging the traditional view of these societies as less developed than their sedentary counterparts.

 Artifacts on view include bronze openwork offering-stands, superbly decorated with animal and human figures; petroglyphs marking important places in the landscape; and sophisticated gold adornments that marked the social status of those who wore them. A highlight is recently excavated, never-displayed material from a fourth–third century cemetery near the Russian/Chinese border, where permafrost conditions enabled the preservation of organic materials. Included here are such objects as saddles and expertly carved horse trappings that display hybrid mythical animals, among a variety of other artifacts. See the pictorial below for examples of artifacts exhibited.

Kazakhstan has been inhabited since the Neolithic Age, and archaeologists believe that humans first domesticated the horse in this region. In fact, before Russian colonization, the Kazakhs had developed a complex culture based on a nomadic pastoral economy, with livestock at the center of their lifestyle. Indeed, in Kazakh society, it was traditional and appropriate that a person ask first about the health of a person's livestock upon greeting and only afterward inquire about the human aspects of their lives, such as family. Horse-riding defined the center of their activities, and to this day, equestrianism and horse-racing is a national passion.

The Institute for the Study of the Ancient World is located at 15 East 84th Street, New York, NY 10028. +1-212-992-7800; www.nyu.edu/isaw.

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Pictorial

Kazakh man on a horse with golden eagle. Wikimedia CommonsCharyn Canyon

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Charyn Canyon, Kazakhstan.  Kazakhstan is the ninth largest country in the world by land area. Landlocked and defined into an area bordered on all sides by Russia, China,Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and the Caspian Sea, the terrain ranges from flatlands, steppes, taigas, rock-canyons, hills, deltas, and snow-capped mountains to deserts.  Photo by Jonas Satkauskas, Wikimedia Commons

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The steppes of central Kazakshtan (Aqmola Province), as seen from a train approaching Astana from the north.  Wikimedia Commons   

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Round Tray on Conical Stand with Figures of Seated Man and Standing Horse in Center. Bronze, 5th - 3rd century B.C.E..  Central State Museum, Alamaty. Courtesy Central State Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty. 

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Belt Terminus with Granulation and Argali Decoration. Gold, Zalauli (Kegen District, Almaty Region), 7th - 6th century B.C.E.  Central State Museum, Almaty.  Courtesy Central State Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty.

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Diadem, Gold, Turquoise, Carnelian, Coral.  2nd century B.C.E - 1st century C.E. (Wusun)  Central State Museum, Almaty.  Courtesy Central State Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty. 

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Cauldron Protome of Winged Ibexes.  Bronze, Almaty Region, 5th - 3rd century B.C.E.  CEntral State Museum, Almaty.  Courtesy Central State Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty.

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Cauldron Fragment Depicting Saiga Antelope in Relief. Copper Alloy, Almaty, 5th - 3rd century B.C.E.  Central State Museum, Almaty.  Courtesy Central State Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty.

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Plaque of Argali Head Suspended from Ribbed Bar from Horse Tack. Wood, Gold Foil, Berel, Kurgan 11, late 4th - early 3rd century B.C.E.  Presidential Center of Culture, Astana. Courtesy Viktor Kharchenko, The Presidential Center of Culture of Kazakhstan, Astana.

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Plaque of Facing Elk-Griffin Heads. Horn (Siberian Red Deer), Berel, Kurgan 36, late 4th - early 3rd century B.C.E.  A. Kh. Margulan Institute of Archaeology, Almaty. Courtesy Y. Cherkashin, A. Kh. Margulan Institute of Archaeology, Almaty.

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U-Shaped Element with Scale Pattern from Bridle Throat Latch. Horn (Siberian Red Deer), Gold Foil. Berel, Kurgan 36, late 4th - early 3rd century B.C.E.  A. Kh. Margulan Institute of Archaeology, Almaty. Courtesy Y. Cherkashin, A. Kh. Margulan Institute of Archaeology, Almaty.

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Horse Tack as Shown on a Reconstruction of the Horse from Kurgan 36 at Berel.  Courtesy Z. Samashev

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Feline Face and Stylized Ornaments from Horse Tack. Wood, and Tin and Gold Foil. Berel, Kurgan 11, late 4th - early 3rd century B.C.E.  Presidential Center of Culture, Astana. Courtesy Viktor Kharchenko, The Presidential Center of Culture of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Astana.

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