American Association for the Advancement of Science—In a Perspective, Bernardo Flores and Carolina Levis discuss the positive feedback between local peoples and food availability in tropical forests. Although they were once considered to be harsh and inhospitable environments, largely devoid of large populations, a growing body of research shows that, for more than 13,000 years, humans have resided and thrived in tropical forest environments, transforming the natural landscapes into forest gardens. Even the Amazon – a region often regarded as a paragon of pristine tropical forest – is dominated by edible plant species closely associated with humans. Flores and Levis highlight the social-ecological system of these tropical forests whereby local people enriched the forest with edible plant species, and the highly productive forests increased overall food availability, allowing forest societies to expand. According to the authors, leveraging this ancient relationship by ensuring local peoples’ access to their ancestral forest lands could help efforts to conserve these sensitive environments while also boosting food security and sovereignty in tropical regions. Globally, more than a billion people rely on forest resources for food, particularly in tropical regions. Indigenous and local peoples of these regions have historically – sometimes for thousands of years – contributed to the enrichment of forests with food. Even today, their territories act as buffers against deforestation and landscape degradation. “For this ancient feedback to continue functioning, societies need to recognize indigenous and local peoples’ rights to their ancestral forest land,” write Flores and Levis.
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Forest dominated by the palm Attalea spectabilis on anthropogenic dark soils at the Tapajós River,
Brazilian Amazon. © Carolina Levis
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Domesticated forest on the former Mayan city of Coba, Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico. © Bernardo Flores
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Forest with domesticated species on anthropogenic dark soils at the Tapajós River, Brazilian Amazon. © Carolina Levis
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Domesticated forest dominated by the Brazil nut tree on anthropogenic dark soils at the Tefé River,
Brazilian Amazon. © Bernardo Oliveira
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This research appears in the 11 June 2021 issue of Science. Science is published by AAAS, the nonprofit science society.
Article Source: AAAS news release.
If you liked this article, you may also like The Milpa Way In this article, a filmmaker explores how Maya forest gardeners are shedding new light on the ancient Maya collapse—a major feature article published previously at Popular Archaeology.
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