Editor’s Note: Following is a documented interview of Ramesh Yadav, Archaeological Officer at the Directorate of Archaeology, Archives, and Museums, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, by Popular Archaeology Magazine. Yadav relates the activities and significance of work that will reveal a remarkable past yet to be fully realized by the world’s public.
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1. What would you consider to be the ‘hot spots’ or ‘hot sites’ for archaeological investigation and/or excavation in Madhya Pradesh, and why?
Since 1995, the Directorate of Archaeology, Archives, and Museums has been systematically conducting village-to-village surveys to identify and document archaeological heritage sites across Madhya Pradesh. As part of this initiative, teams of archaeologists visit various locations to assess and record the presence of ancient remains, often leading to the discovery of remnants of early settlements.
The selection of excavation sites is based on the findings from these surveys, including surface collections and recovered artifacts. Extensive surveys have been carried out throughout the state, with a notable concentration of significant excavation sites along the banks of the Narmada River. To date, at least 30 such sites have been excavated, offering valuable insights into the region’s historical and cultural evolution.
2. What is it about this region that stands out for archaeological investigation and archaeological visitation/ tourism in India, and/or, as compared to anywhere else?
Madhya Pradesh holds a prominent place in India’s archaeological landscape, with remains spanning from the prehistoric period to the 19th century. The region is home to significant rock paintings, some dating back to the Upper Paleolithic period, with Bhimbetka—a UNESCO World Heritage Site—being among the most renowned. Beyond Bhimbetka, extensive rock art sites are found in the Mandsaur and Neemuch districts, the Gwalior and Rewa regions, and the Satpura range.
For the Chalcolithic period, the state features several key excavation sites that provide valuable insights into early human settlements. In terms of built heritage, Madhya Pradesh is home to some of India’s most iconic historical sites, including Sanchi, Mandu, Gwalior, and Khajuraho. Additionally, sites like Sahastradhara and remains from the Mauryan period in Ujjain further enrich the region’s archaeological significance.
With its diverse and extensive archaeological wealth, Madhya Pradesh continues to be a focal point for researchers, historians, and heritage enthusiasts, offering a deep and immersive experience into India’s historical and cultural evolution.
3. Where (in terms of a site) has the most significant or most promising archaeological investigation or excavation work taken place?
Several regions in Madhya Pradesh have emerged as promising areas for archaeological investigation. The Chambal-Gwalior belt is of particular interest, with multiple sites reported to have significant excavation potential. Additionally, the corridor between Ujjain and Mandsaur, especially in the Ratlam and Ujjain districts, has been identified as an area rich in archaeological heritage, warranting further exploration. These regions continue to offer valuable insights into the historical and cultural evolution of the state.
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4. What new developments in the process of archaeological research and investigation have taken place in relation to the site(s) mentioned above?
Archaeological research in Madhya Pradesh has seen significant advancements in recent years. One of the key initiatives involves extensive explorations and village-to-village surveys to systematically identify and document archaeological sites. In addition to this, a major focus has been placed on the identification and restoration of ancient temples that date back over a thousand years. These temples, originally constructed during the reigns of the Kachchhapaghata, Pratihara, Chandela, Kalachuri, and Paramara dynasties, saw extensive development between the 9th and 13th centuries but suffered damage over time due to invasions and natural calamities.
The Directorate of Archaeology is actively engaged in the scientific excavation of these sites, with a strong emphasis on temple restoration. If a site yields over 90% of a temple’s structural remains, efforts are made to restore it to its original architectural form, making this a priority project. Additionally, the department is conducting targeted excavations at historically significant sites, where findings have the potential to reshape our understanding of the region’s history and cultural heritage. These developments mark an important step forward in preserving and uncovering Madhya Pradesh’s rich archaeological legacy.
5. What are the plans and objectives going forward in relation to the above?
One of the key objectives moving forward is to enhance public awareness and engagement with the state’s rich archaeological heritage. To achieve this, the Directorate of Archaeology is actively working on publishing books focusing on district-level archaeology. These publications aim to make archaeological knowledge more accessible to a wider audience, allowing people to discover and appreciate the historical significance of their own villages and districts.
In addition to these educational initiatives, there are plans to expand excavation projects at identified sites with significant historical potential. The department is also prioritizing the restoration and conservation of ancient structures, particularly temples and monuments that have been damaged over time. Efforts are being made to implement modern conservation techniques while maintaining the authenticity of these heritage sites.
Furthermore, the Directorate aims to leverage digital technology by digitizing archival records and excavation findings. This will facilitate research, enable remote access to historical data, and encourage academic collaborations at national and international levels.
Through these initiatives, the overarching goal is to preserve, document, and promote Madhya Pradesh’s archaeological treasures, ensuring that future generations continue to connect with and appreciate the state’s remarkable historical legacy.
6. What specific historic /cultural/ archaeological questions are you trying to answer in relation to the above research and exploration?
One of the key research objectives is to uncover and reinterpret the historical narratives of Madhya Pradesh’s ancient civilizations. A notable example is the excavation conducted near the town of Maihar, at a site known as Manora Hill. The findings from this site have provided significant insights into the history of the Vindhya region, reshaping our understanding of its past.
Through careful analysis of the unearthed remains, we have been able to establish that Manora Hill was once the capital of the Vakataka dynasty. This discovery is particularly important as it offers new evidence about the political and cultural landscape of the region during that era. Our research continues to focus on understanding the extent of Vakataka rule, their architectural advancements, and their influence on trade, administration, and society.
Additionally, ongoing studies aim to explore connections between Madhya Pradesh’s archaeological sites and other ancient civilizations, helping to answer broader questions about the historical evolution of settlements, trade networks, and artistic influences in Central India. These investigations not only add depth to academic research but also contribute to the conservation and promotion of the state’s cultural heritage for future generations.
7. What is the potential for archaeological tourism for this region?
Madhya Pradesh offers immense potential for archaeological tourism, given its rich historical and cultural heritage. The state is home to a diverse range of archaeological sites, spanning from prehistoric rock art to grand medieval temples and forts, making it an ideal destination for history enthusiasts and scholars alike.
Recognizing this potential, the Madhya Pradesh government has taken significant steps to promote and develop archaeological tourism. Visitors have the opportunity to explore these ancient sites first-hand, immersing themselves in the region’s storied past while gaining insights into India’s historical evolution.
To further enhance this experience, the state has established 44 museums dedicated to preserving and showcasing archaeological artefacts. These museums serve as vital repositories for scattered sculptures, inscriptions, and excavated relics, ensuring that valuable heritage is both protected and accessible to the public.
With ongoing conservation efforts, improved infrastructure, and increasing public awareness, Madhya Pradesh continues to position itself as a key hub for archaeological tourism, offering travellers an unparalleled glimpse into the past.
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Aparajta. 11th Cent.A.D., Hinglajgarh, Mandsaur
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Ravnanugraha, 11th Cent. A.D., Hinglajgarh, Mandsaur
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Shakti-Ganesh, 11th Cent. A.D., Mandsaur
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State Museum
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Gohad Fort Exterior
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Gohad Fort Interiors
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Dr. Ramesh Yadav -Archaeological Officer
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