Archaeology is the study of past human culture by analyzing its remains.
To know about those who lived before us sounds intriguing. However, it’s not easy, as archaeologists have to be cautious while finding these remains. So much that it’s like stepping on eggshells.
However, technology has made exploring easier for archaeologists, boosting their efficiency.
How?
That’s what we’re here for. We’re going to look at the ways that technology helps archaeologists. So, let’s dive deeper!
GPS Improves Mapping Archaeological Sites
Previously, archaeologists had to add site coordinates manually, using maps. However, with advancement, archaeologists can now get accurate coordinates with the help of GPS. Using a network of satellites, a signal is sent to the GPS on the ground.
In remote archaeological sites, archaeologists use satellite internet to record this signal via the on-ground GPS. Here, a Geographic Information System or GIS is also used to analyze geographically and record the data used for later purposes.
This manner of mapping is quite effective and more accurate than traditional compass and tape mapping techniques. Archaeologists can easily fetch coordinates of artifacts with accuracy, saving time and effort in mapping and locating them.
Satellites Can Help Identify Potential Sites
In addition to accurate mapping, a satellite network can actually help identify a potential archaeological site. It is a process that involves using satellites to scan an area that can be a potential site for archaeologists.
Similar to a medical scan, it involves processing images using the infrared part of the light spectrum, which identifies changes in the targeted area—changes such as soil surface texture, formation, etc., can unveil what’s underneath.
Data Recovery Prevents Useless Excavations
It is assumed that when archaeologists identify a potential site, they dig it up to collect the artifacts right away. However, that’s not the case. A potential excavation is only initiated when there’s ample data about the site.
This data can reveal important information about past cultures. In order to ensure that excavation is necessary, archaeologists use sampling for data collection. This sampling is done using statistical methods on relevant software using a general sample from the site under focus.
A complete research analysis is done, which then reveals whether excavation is necessary or not. Since excavation is time and resource-consuming, the research phase is crucial. Moreover, once the site is excavated, it’s lost forever. The artifacts can be collected and analyzed as needed; however, the site cannot be restored.
A GPR Improves the Excavation Process
While research is crucial for planning an excavation, once it’s cleared by the authorities, the archaeologists will use GPR. A Ground Penetrating Radar or GPR works similarly to satellite archaeology but is present on the site.
It uses high-end electromagnetic waves to identify potential artifacts without having to dig the site. This way, the team secures the integrity of the site and can easily decide where to begin digging without wasting resources or damaging the artifacts.
Moreover, a GPR also works with a 3D scanner during the process. By using a 3D scanner with a GPR, the team can easily reconstruct the site’s model with enhanced visual elements. In other words, archaeologists can create a live version of what the site used to be, making it easier to identify crucial elements that they can dig.
Magnetometry Assists in Covering More Area
In many cases, the earth’s magnetic fields may interfere with the readings and imagery. However, magnetometry is a technique that assists the archaeologists in this matter. It involves using a gradiometer to record magnetic fields within the site while identifying the magnetic fields of the objects buried.
Data is collected using variable sensors that are attached to the gradiometer, which then scans and records the site simultaneously. The use of magnetometry allows archaeologists to scan larger areas in no time and without using ample resources.
It’s also particularly useful for scanning and identifying burned structures that are buried and surrounded with metals. Apart from using metal detectors, archaeologists can use a gradiometer to pinpoint these structures without having to deal with false triggers. For example, a metal detector can detect metallic objects buried near the surface.
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With the above-mentioned technological methods and others, modern archaeology can identify undiscovered archaeological sites effectively. The technology has also assisted in preserving the integrity of the sites while aiding in the efficient analysis of the collected artifacts. We can expect the future to have enhanced imagery using AI interpretation, which can reveal the hidden secrets of ancient civilizations.
