John P. Ruehl is an Australian-American journalist living in Washington, D.C., and a world affairs correspondent for the Independent Media Institute. He is a contributor to several foreign affairs publications, and his book, Budget Superpower: How Russia Challenges the West With an Economy Smaller Than Texas’, was published in December 2022.

When Did Societal Elites Emerge?

The late Stone Age is not commonly associated with socially stratified societies, yet archaeologist Mehmet Özdoğan argues social and political elites were already shaping communities when humans began farming.